Read " Uploading Files in Servlet 3. This is often used to make a connection through a proxy. Extension methods also error codes and headers can be defined to extend the functionality of the HTTP protocol. As mention earlier, HTTP support content negotiation between the client and the server. A client can use additional request headers such as Accept , Accept-Language , Accept-Charset , Accept-Encoding to tell the server what it can handle or which content it prefers.
If the server possesses multiple versions of the same document in different format, it will return the format that the client prefers. This process is called content negotiation. For example, file extensions ". When a file is returned to the client, the server has to put up a Content-Type response header to inform the client the media type of the data. If the server has 2 formats of the " logo ": " logo. The server will return " logo.
However, if the server has 3 " logo. The " Options MultiView " directive is the simpler way to implement language negotiation. For Example:. Suppose that the client requests for " index. If the server has " test. Note that " Options All " directive does not include " MultiViews " option. That is, you have to explicitly turn on MultiViews. The directive LanguagePriority can be used to specify the language preference in case of a tie during content negotiation or if the client does not express a preference.
For example:. A client can use the request header Accept-Charset to negotiate with the server for the character set it prefers. Similarly, the AddCharset directive is used to associate the file extension with the character set. A client can use the Accept-Encoding header to tell the server the type of encoding it supports. The common encoding schemes are: " x-gzip. Similarly, the AddEncoding directive is used to associate the file extension with the an encoding scheme.
That is, each TCP connection services only one request. If you download a page containing 5 inline images, the browser has to establish TCP connection 6 times to the same server. The client can negotiate with the server and ask the server not to close the connection after delivering the response, so that another request can be sent through the same connection. This is known as persistent connection or keep-alive connection. Persistent connections greatly enhance the efficiency of the network.
To ask for persistent connection, the client must include a request header " Connection: Keep-alive " in the request message to negotiate with the server. The client do not have to sent the " Connection: Keep-alive " header. Instead, the client may wish to send the header " Connection: Close " to ask the server to close the connection after delivering the response. Persistent connection is extremely useful for web pages with many small inline images and other associated data, as all these can be downloaded using the same connection.
The benefits for persistent connection are:. The KeepAlive directive decides whether to support persistent connections. This takes value of either On or Off. The MaxKeepAliveRequests directive sets the maximum number of requests that can be sent through a persistent connection.
You can set to 0 to allow unlimited number of requests. It is recommended to set to a high number for better performance and network efficiency. The KeepAliveTimeOut directive set the time out in seconds for a persistent connection to wait for the next request. The client can send a request header " Cache-control: no-cache " to tell the proxy to get a fresh copy from the original server, even thought there is a local cached copy.
You could include both headers in your request. Latest version tested: HTTP 1. HTTP is an asymmetric request-response client-server protocol as illustrated. In other words, HTTP is a pull protocol , the client pulls information from the server instead of server pushes information down to the client. HTTP is a stateless protocol.
In other words, the current request does not know what has been done in the previous requests. HTTP permits negotiating of data type and representation, so as to allow systems to be built independently of the data being transferred. It is a generic, stateless, protocol which can be used for many tasks beyond its use for hypertext, such as name servers and distributed object management systems, through extension of its request methods, error codes and headers.
Hostname : The DNS domain name e. Port : The TCP port number that the server is listening for incoming requests from the clients. Path-and-file-name : The name and location of the requested resource, under the server document base directory. The server interprets the request received, maps the request into a program kept in the server, executes the program, and returns the output of the program to the client.
The request cannot be satisfied, the server returns an error message. The client can use one of these methods to send a request to the server. Examples of request headers are: Host: www. Since the header contains the last-modified date of the data, this can be used to check against the local cache copy. POST: Used to post data up to the web server. PUT: Ask the server to store the data. CONNECT: Used to tell a proxy to make a connection to another host and simply reply the content, without attempting to parse or cache it.
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